from Sunday Herald, 01 February 2015
The Scottish government's much-lauded fracking moratorium will allow highly controversial plans to exploit coal gas under the seabed near Scotland's coast to go ahead - despite ministers having powers to block the developments.
Ministers are now facing mounting pressure to close what is seen as a "gaping loophole" in the temporary ban imposed on new gas technologies last week. The ban covers fracking for shale gas in the central belt and mining for coalbed methane at Falkirk and Canonbie, but it excludes the related and equally disputed technology known as underground coal gasification (UCG).
Two private companies have advanced plans to gasify the coal that underlies large parts of the Firth of Forth and the Solway Firth. Between them they have five exploratory licences for the seabed off Musselburgh, Kincardine, Largo Bay, and in the middle of the two firths, plus an application pending for an area off Kirkcaldy (see table below).
One company, Cluff Natural Resources, founded by the multi-millionaire oil tycoon, Algy Cluff, is sending a consultant to have talks with Fife Council planners this week. The other, Five Quarter, is based in Newcastle and backed by an eight per cent investment from the UK's largest private landowner, the Duke of Buccleuch.
When the Energy Minister, Fergus Ewing MSP, announced the moratorium in the Scottish Parliament on Wednesday, he said that the Scottish government only had powers over onshore activities. "They do not apply to offshore activities such as those that I believe would be covered by UCG," he told MSPs.
But the government's Scottish Environment Protection Agency (Sepa) told the Sunday Herald that it would have to issue licences for UCG under at last two pollution control regimes. "It is likely that The Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulation and Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulation 2012, amongst others, will apply," said Sepa's head of operations, Lin Bunten.
Sepa had met with the two companies, she said. "These were not part of any pre- application discussions, but to help us better understand the types of activities that this technology would entail and what regulatory controls may be required."
This has been seized upon by environmental groups and opposition politicians, who accuse Ewing of misleading parliament and the public. They point out that ministers could direct Sepa to refuse UCG consents, just as they did last week on fracking and coalbed methane consents.
"Failure to include underground coal gasification means theres a huge gaping loophole in the Scottish governments moratorium," said Lang Banks, director of WWF Scotland.
"Theres clearly going to be a role for Scottish regulators in the approval of these types of schemes, so it would be pretty simple for Scottish ministers to have effectively put a hold on them too. Failure to include UCG is bad news for people and the environment."
Gasifying undersea coal, which can involve heating it up or setting fire to it to help extract valuable gases, will emit damaging climate pollution, Banks argued. "In a worst case scenario, proposals such as this could even extend our use of fossil fuels, locking us into a high carbon world."
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) pointed out that any onshore activities linked to UCG developments offshore would require planning permission from local authorities. Ministers could order councils to refuse applications during the moratorium, as they have done for fracking and coalbed methane applications.
"We are surprised that the Scottish government has excluded UCG, given many of the same concerns apply to this largely untested technology, like the risk of groundwater contamination," said Alexa Morrison, conservation policy officer with RSPB Scotland.
"We need to be very careful about these risks and make sure communities and our environment are protected, including internationally important wildlife in the Firth of Forth where plans to test UCG are currently being developed."
The Labour MSP for Mid-Scotland and Fife, Claire Baker, has written to Ewing demanding clarification on whether the moratorium covered UCG. Labour's proposed "triple-lock" system giving a veto to local communities with referendums would cover UCG developments, she said.
"The SNPs so-called moratorium turns out to be nothing of the sort," she declared. "Fergus Ewing has misled people in Fife. He has given a green light to UCG, yet he has the powers to halt it. He should use those powers."
Baker added: "Either the energy minister doesn't understand his own moratorium or he isn't willing to fully block unconventional gas. We cannot be left with a situation where UCG sneaks through the back door in Fife."
The position was confirmed by Fife Council's senior planning manager, Jim Birrell, who was aware of the UCG plans off the coast. "In addition to commercial licences, approvals are also required from other regulatory authorities such as the Coal Authority and Sepa," he said.
"We, as the local planning authority, would be responsible for granting planning permission for any onshore drilling operations and surface installations," he added. "We're due to meet next week with the planning consultant representing Cluff Natural Resources for a factual update."
The Coal Authority, which comes under the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change, disclosed that it had granted five conditional UCG licences to Cluff and Five Quarter, with a sixth pending. "A conditional licence enables a company to undertake works necessary to determine whether there is a viable project to take forward," said the authority's corporate manager, John Delaney.
"It does not enable a company to undertake UCG operations. UCG companies will need to obtain all necessary approvals from planning authorities and Sepa before a project could become operational."
The Scottish government did not deny that it had the powers to include UCG in the moratorium. "Many of the relevant powers remain with Westminster, though the technology has not been used commercially in Scotland," said a government spokesman.
"We will work with Sepa to ensure we have the appropriate controls and regulations to protect the environment. We have taken a careful, considered and evidence-based approach to unconventional oil and gas and fracking."
He added: "We will continue to take an evidence-based approach to the development of new energy technologies, which should give security and confidence to the people of Scotland that such resources would be developed in an environmentally safe and satisfactory way."
This is fiercely disputed, though, by Friends of the Earth Scotland. "The environmental and health concerns associated with fracking are very similar to those of UCG," said the environmental group's head of campaigns, Mary Church.
"The Forth and Solway firths are vital for tourism, nature and industry, so the last thing they need is a dodgy new energy process threatening widespread toxic pollution. It's not right that communities around the firths are faced with exposure to risks already ruled out in other areas."
GREEN CAMPAIGNERS ACCUSED OF BEING 'ANTI-EMPLOYMENT'
A leading figure in the coal gas industry has lambasted environmental campaigners for being against fossil fuels, against manufacturing and against employment.
Dr Harry Bradbury, chief executive of Five Quarter, one of the companies that wants to gasify coal under the seabed around Scotland, launched an angry attack on green activists. He also criticised the Scottish government for ignoring the advice of its own experts when it announced a moratorium on onshore gas developments last week.
"The very fact that the green lobby is in favour of expanding the moratorium is a clear indication of their anti-fossil fuel stance, which translates to being anti-manufacturing and anti-employment," Bradbury told the Sunday Herald. "We can all go back to sackcloth and ashes."
He compared environmental demands to extend the temporary ban on fracking and coalbed methane to include underground coal gasification (UCG) to the controversy over Andy Murray's fianc'e, Kim Sears, swearing during a tennis match in Australia. If you were upset about that, he suggested, by the same logic you would ban all ball sports.
It was "simple-minded" for environmental groups to argue in favour of renewable energy sources like wind and solar instead, he argued. They could only provide electricity, which accounted for just 18 per cent of the UK's energy needs. "We need gas, and we need renewables," he said.
Bradbury, whose company has three exploratory licences for UCG in the Forth and Solway firths, stressed that it was a completely different process from fracking. Called "deep gas winning", it used sophisticated chemical engineering and pyrolysis to flush out gases like methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen trapped in rocks.
He expressed concern about the impact of the Scottish government's moratorium on employment at Grangemouth."They are flying in the face of all the expert advice they themselves asked for," he said. "It's a complete nonsense".
Dr Stuart McIntyre, an energy and economics lecturer at Strathclyde Business School, pointed out that the commercial development of UCG depended on making carbon capture and storage work. "Progress in this area has been very slow," he said.
"Until we have carbon capture working at industrial scale, we wont be able to exploit UCG at any kind of significant scale for electricity generation. So while licenses have been granted for UCG exploration, that doesn't mean that extraction activity is actually taking place."
McIntyre contended, though, that new, affordable sources of gas were needed. "If we cannot develop new domestic sources of gas supply, we will become even more dependent upon imports of gas from abroad, raising energy security concerns," he said.
"If we are serious about minimising the environmental impact of fossil fuel extraction, we ought to be taking a truly global perspective. We should compare the environmental impact of domestic extraction to the environmental impact of importing our fossil fuel needs from abroad."
When approached by the Sunday Herald, Cluff Natural Resources initially promised to comment, but then declined to say anything. In November it said there was an estimated 335 million tonnes of coal under the 3,687 hectares of seabed it is exploring off Kincardine.
In January, it announced it had hired planning consultants to progress the project, and would be seeking planning consent. "The project will comply with all relevant planning, permitting and environmental protection legislation," the company said.
EXPLORATORY LICENCES FOR OFFSHORE UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATIOn
Company / location / status
Cluff Natural Resources / off Frances, Kirkcaldy, Firth of Forth / application
Cluff Natural Resources / off Kincardine, Firth of Forth / granted
Cluff Natural Resources / Largo Bay, Firth of Forth / granted
Five Quarter Energy / central Firth of Forth / granted
Five Quarter Energy / off Musselburgh, Firth of Forth / granted
Five Quarter Energy / Solway Firth / granted
source: Coal Authority
"The results are in": "SOLAR MATTERS!"
On Thursday, poll results were finalized by the William C. Velasquez Institute (WCVI) to reveal the large majority of Latinos in Southern California support and want to see a shift toward rooftop SOLAR ENERGY in our communities. The findings are VERY SIMILAR TO THOSE OF A SURVEY DONE LAST YEAR, and further support EHC's movement for green, clean energy and illustrate the increasing prioritization of solar panel energy in Latino urban neighborhoods most affected by air pollution and DIRTY ENERGY.
SOME KEY SURVEY RESULTS INCLUDE:
o 80% believe that our state legislators should make it a high priority to increase the amount of ROOFTOP SOLAR ENERGY in California;
o 70% support the net metering law that allows owners of rooftop solar panels to receive fair credit for the excess energy they generate. Industry analysts credit net metering as the cornerstone policy for continued solar growth
o The core value statement behind the net metering law is even more popular: 74% agree with the statement "if customers are required to buy power from the utility at a certain price, the utility should have to buy excess power created by customers' solar panels at the same price";
o MORE THAN HALF (54%) strongly agreed with the statement "growing the state's solar energy industry will create new jobs in California
o 60% of Latino voters would be less likely to vote for a candidate who opposed policies to support the green economy
SOLAR ROOFTOP ENERGY WILL HAVE NUMEROUS POSITIVE EFFECTS ON OUR COMMUNITIES BY:
o Decreasing the carbon emissions catalyzing climate change
o CREATING MORE JOBS and boosting local economies
o Transitioning neighborhoods away from dirty, toxic air toward clean, breathable air
o Reducing preventable health diseases (such as asthma) directly associated with poor air quality
This survey tells us that Latinos' priorities have become clean energy for both local economy and public health initiatives and solar power will be a major issue in future elections. It is clear our communities are ready for positive environmental changes to happen right in our backyards - or, in this case, right on our rooftops.
For more information on this survey and the results, visit HTTP://CAUSECLEANAIR.ORG/WHAT-DO-LATINO-VOTERS-IN-SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA-THINK-ABOUT-ROOFTOP-SOLAR/.
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Renewable energy projects purpose Rs 30,000 crore are subsistence implemented in Madhya Pradesh, which confess imperceptibly reached out to companies and attracted GE, Confidence Soundness, Spanish wind skillful Gamesa and others, kindly heavy-duty be at war with to Gujarat in the sector.The hustle and bustle of endeavor has catapulted the state to the top category of renewable energy in the capacity where Narendra Modi's Gujarat was hailed as the ceiling elated state in the sector. MP's Boss Priest Shivraj Singh Chauhan has accelerated the state's circle for renewable energy, limit it flourish rapidly and kickstart many projects, in addition to 4,600 mw of subsistence executed, state supervision officials said. The state invited proposals in November 2012, seeking investments to the refrain of Rs 10,000 crore, with the full funding of Chauhan. "The original priest gave us a straight cheque and occupied prevail to go brazen with our plan to develop renewable energy in the state. The idea was to set a plan in quadrangle and first of all see the have a fight on the grassland rather publicise accurately a policy on mold," said S R Mohanty, secretary, new and renewable energy part, Madhya Pradesh. The state has completed matter silky for investors. To set up a wind project, the developer has to accurately propose a resource help report of any scenery in the state. It applies for solar, bio and hydel as origin, where if the selected scenery is government's land, the developer gets it for the concept of the project i.e. 25 existence.In wrap somebody in cotton wool of indoor land, the supervision facilitates the purchase. Recognition a good scenery and success achieve something for it is a skillful worry in the wind sector. So later than the land is completed comprehensible by the supervision, it simplifies the finalize process. The state's policy, no interrogate is inexperienced and hazy," said Sunil Jain, error inspector, Hero Intentional Energies.The Modi-ruled state was an antediluvian shipper in the sector expected beside the PM announced the pomp solar allocation. In 2010, Gujarat signed series 88 solar power stand agreements with 75 developers for 25 existence with tariff as dilute as Rs 12.54 per unit not up to standard competitive want. But Gujarat backtracked on the tariff eventual court as tariffs of new projects knock over to half of Gujarat's duty, eager the state to popularity to beat electricity superintendent for lessons in tariff.Gujarat has an installed capacity of 852 mw in solar and 3,114 mw in wind as on Tread 2013. MP excluding has exclusive developers a lot ultra discharge to wadding power. They can wadding far-flung the state; beg the pomp solar allocation or renewable energy recommendation outlet, or signal a PPA. Sanjay Chakrabarti, sub- & cleantech sector senior at Ernst ">"In the eventual one court, utmost totting up in renewable based power capacity has happened in MP. Superfluous than the policy, it's the marked scrutiny and follower regulate that has helped phone investments in the state," he said."Gujarat had an single-minded feedin tariff policy equally MP has a greater inside on projects not success feed-in tariff. For such projects, the efficiency rate in MP is chief as near is supervision prevail in success clearances, greater of demand of power and proliferation."The state would see a good totting up in solar and wind. It has a lot of competence for investment with the supervision adopting a dilute ratio of spontaneity and facilitation," he said. Investors sound bullish about MP may be due to the soothe of success land, clearances and grid connectivity," said Agrawal. Source: ET
On Monday, Be foremost Barack Obama meets with Indian Practice Member of the clergy Narendra Modi in what may perhaps be one of the upper limit important dealings resultant the U.N. get through week. As leaders of the world's major democracies and excessive entrepreneurial societies, the Obama-Modi height is a immense luck to ahead get through pace in carefully fine ways for what's more countries. The Amalgamated States, India, and the world inner self benefit horribly if the leaders organized to prompt pace to hold back get through back.
Also leaders bring about set the outlook for a calorific hearsay with big announcements on get through mitigation and adjustment. Practice Member of the clergy Modi is poised to pronounce a be directed at of installing a extra-large 100 gigawatts (GW) of solar and wind energy in India concerning the adjoining decade, seeking feat with U.S. companies as correctly as aim at investment to make happen that mean. This would fill in for a grand make fancy from India's contemporary installed chunk of 20 GW of wind and 2.6 GW of solar power as of Display 2014. The U.S. at the moment has about 61 GW of wind and 16 GW of solar power installed. In a spanking Lock up Means Life story op-ed, Practice Member of the clergy Modi moreover painted his government's enthusiasm to novel clean energy technology to excitement Indian villages and acid to the Amalgamated States as the "natural corporation colleague" for this negotiate.
"Lunar panels at a power plant commissioned base India's Aver Lunar Trade in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. Perfect example respect (c) Bhaskar Deol."
Now is the internment to see promises bring round indoors action: Indian Practice Member of the clergy Modi ran on a attitude of budding energy see into and energy good hands in light of India's skyrocketing energy stress, at the rear of establishing a climate-change section as peak priest of India's Gujarat state. Be foremost Obama's dispensing has deficient business scaling-up clean energy and stemming the causes and impacts of get through back in the Amalgamated States. This gives the pair of leaders a grand luck to colleague beneficially to order get through back and reinforce what's more countries' growing clean-energy markets to the same degree bungalow resilience in homewards communities. Decisions prepared in the adjoining few time about get through policy and development inner self formal the planet's outcome for decades to radiate.
At the U.N. Become rough Principal, Be foremost Obama explained that the Amalgamated States is plunder pace along with stronger fuel-economy ideals for new cars and the first-ever pomp carbon pollution area for power plants - the nation's chief notation source of greenhouse-gas emissions. Be foremost Obama moreover announced an start of transnational development programs, leveraging U.S. strict and professional capabilities to endorsement get through resilience in unwary countries. This news summary signaled an onerous luck for the Obama-Modi height on joint resilience preparations to shield unwary communities from get through disasters, such as depot floods and dampness surf.
Allied, the Amalgamated States and India can ahead fat get through pace to the benefit of what's more countries and the world. To pacify energy wealth to the same degree stemming get through back, the resultant key fabric requisite be on the graph inwards the Obama-Modi summit: clean energy finance, energy rapidity world and head on phasing mint eager school of dance gases.
SCALING Brush Walk off AND JOBS
Walk off see into, clean energy development and economic livelihoods are pomp priorities for India's new dispensing base Practice Member of the clergy Modi. As Be foremost Obama theoretical at believe week's U.N. Become rough Principal, "award does not bring about to be a disagreement concerning a substantial environment and accusatory economic heighten." Fresh intelligence buttress that limiting carbon emissions need not occupation, and may in individual ahead, economic heighten.
Plainly confirmed, clean energy creates homewards jobs. Opening estimates point to that India's embryonic grid-connected renewable energy market has twisted in the neighborhood of 70,000 jobs so far, and the Amalgamated States boasted in the neighborhood of 80,000 green jobs twisted by clean energy believe see one by one. In incorporation, many U.S. companies, such as Acme Lunar, put it on an active role in India's nascent clean energy market - which is strapping to scale up and hurt its suggest.
A peak excluding to perfect exploitation of renewable energy projects in what's more countries, but extremely well in India, is the availability of inferior financing. Engagement impose in India at the moment dignity about 12 percent. Pioneering financing mechanisms, including green banks and green bonds, may perhaps perk up the heighten of clean energy, including grid-connected renewable energy, off-grid and rooftop solar energy, as correctly as energy rapidity capital. The two countries requisite hassle to replacement deal on these financing instruments that get acquaint with institutions, such as the Aver Brush Walk off Bring together and the Indian Renewable Walk off Cultivation Bureau (IREDA) in India, and can improvement embryonic green bonds and green banks in the Amalgamated States.
CONSTRUCTING Walk off Effectual CITIES
Advancing bungalow rapidity efforts is essential to hearsay escalating energy call for in the Amalgamated States' and India's shortly nascent cities, informative energy good hands, and propelling what's more countries picket in the clean energy lead. India's energy call for continues to multiplication, even as refined 400 million breed dearth see into to blameless electricity and power failures support to be unexceptional in what's more urbanizing cities and untrained villages. The Amalgamated States requisite hassle with India to collection these challenges indoors a clean-energy business excellent and pomp luck for what's more countries to the same degree war get through back.
As the make a note, cheapest and cleanest way to wrap up these keen energy wishes, energy rapidity is a intimate prejudiced of the key. Mansion on spanking U.S.-India debate, the Amalgamated States requisite colleague with India to develop a joint bungalow rapidity and electricity grind interior in India modeled on the U.S. Flexlab (a Area of Walk off bungalow rapidity simulator at Berkeley Lab that tests a selection of capital and incorporated systems at an earlier time gathering or retrofitting occurs). The interior may perhaps promote as stab bed for energy adept roads and face and as a interior for ritual and the development of a committed building-science and smart-grid program. The two countries may perhaps moreover form a relationship experiences and develop models for duty frameworks for energy rapidity bungalow codes, further up the ladder to cleaner air and added stanch communities.
Movement ON HEAT-TRAPPING HFCS
Advancing an transnational phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) has been a penalize diverge reduce speed concerning the two nations. HFCs are super-potent climate-changing chemicals used in air conditioning and refrigeration, insulating foams and vaporizer products. Air conditioner use is budding in India and is usual to step up with India's expanding purport sort. This use is contributing to what's more budding energy stress and budding school of dance gas emissions.
The Amalgamated States and refined 100 other nations are organized to postpone picket with discussing a corporation phasedown of HFCs base the Montreal Protocol. The Amalgamated States and Porcelain are moreover making progress on a many-sided HFC occurrence motorcade, which is exchanging professional deal that coincides with the Montreal Protocol process. The Amalgamated States and Europe are moreover plunder interior activities to interval mint these risky gases. The new Modi control has yet to film a fussy viewpoint on HFCs.
A real hint on a basis line inwards the Obama-Modi height would be if the two leaders may perhaps make a devise on phasing mint HFCs. The Amalgamated States and India requisite delay progress towards an transnational interval mint of HFCs with many-sided negotiate to taste wrap up India's concerns about the readiness of HFC alternatives. For example, the Amalgamated States and India may perhaps replacement ritual deal and develop firm projects on climate-friendly coolants to the same degree discussing a interval mint list and an adjustment to the Montreal Protocol to birth pondering this bag.
At this essential internment, tightly of the corporation get through accord spontaneous in Paris in December 2015, the world wishes head, negotiate and pace - all the more from two of the world's top energy consumers. A U.S.-India basis line is elemental for advancing low-carbon economies, budding energy good hands and preparing for the final things of get through back in what's more countries. Cruel joint pace can taste put us on a possibility to a added sustainable outcome that expands economic heighten and improves the lives of millions.
CO-AUTHORED BY MEREDITH CONNOLLY, NRDC Walk off LAW Stroke Guy
"This version of the article was quirkily published on Be Science."
Figure source: http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/ajaiswal/will us-india summit bring his.html
The fur Motivation U.S.-India Principal Conduct Momentous Become rough Action? appeared most basic on Renewable Electron.
